Transfiguration

Transfiguration of Christ, Mantegna, 1455

Scriptural reference: The story of the transfiguration can be found in Matthew 17: 3, 4, Mark 9:4, and Luke 9:30. Jesus took Peter, James and John to the top of a mountain to show them who he really was--not just a great prophet, but God's own Son. Moses representing the law, and Elijah, representing the prophets, appeared with Jesus. Then God's voice singled out Jesus as the long-awaited Messiah who possessed divine authority. Jesus would fulfill both the Law and the Prophets.

About the artwork: The composition shows Elijah and Moses on Mount Tabor on either side of Christ, while below them are the disciples Peter, James and John blinded by the vision, according to the iconography suggested by the Synoptic Gospel. The composition was conceived according to a stratified ascending movement culminating in the figure of Christ, who is clothed in an ethereal pearly-white robe.

Looking at the artwork:

• How many viewpoints are used?
• Does the artwork look unified?
• What helps to make it unified? Varied?
• Are there any visual metaphors in the artwork?
• Do the people in this art look like real people?
• Would you like to meet them?

Prayer for Christian Unity

from the untitled portfolio of Barbara Kruger

It is the week of prayer for Christian unity. Christians around the world celebrate the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity together. Pray without ceasing (1 Thes. 5-17).

The Image of Jesus

The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, Holman Hunt

January 20th and 27th from 9:45-10:45 I have been asked to speak about the "Image of Jesus" at Westminster Presbyterian Church, Upper St. Clair, PA and I am anxiously anticipating guiding the examination of many intriguing works of art.

The Bible doesn't tell us what Jesus looked like. So, how did our image of Jesus develop? Fairly early in history, he was shown as a man on the threshold of middle age, with brown to black hair and a beard, and an facade of sorrow and compassion. Beyond this, each age has produced its own deviation of the Jesus image to meet its own needs, projections and beliefs. The following is a little hint of what we'll look at...The Gospels give us only one glimpse to satisy--or to pique--our curiosity about the childhood of Jesus.

In Holman Hunt's Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, the incident narrated in Luke 2:41-52 epitomizes the ambivalance of his relation to the Jewish tradition. His parents find him seated among the teachers of the Mosiac law and confounding them with his questions and answers; but he gently rebukes the reproof of his parents by asking, "Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?"--referring to the Jewish temple in the Holy City of Jerusalem.

If you are in the Pittsburgh area please feel free to attend. Additionally, worship at Westminster is at 8:30 or 11:00.

Baptism of Our Lord

This is the Arian Baptistry in Ravenna, Italy that was erected by King Theodoric the Great between the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the sixth century. The architectural splendor of the baptistry reflected the sacramental importance of baptism to the church of the 5th century. How do we give this sacrament importance today?

The Baptistry is octagonal in shape. Inside are four niches and a dome with magificent mosaics, depicting the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. Jesus is shown beardless and naked, half-submerged in the Jordan. John the Baptist is wearing a leopard skin. On the left stands a pagan god in the guise of a white-haired, old man in a green cloak, holding a leather bag. He is the personalisation of the river Jordan. The Holy Spirit in the form of a dove (as we still often symbolize it today) sprays water from its beak. Below, a procession of the Apostles, led in separate directions by Peter and Paul circle the dome.

The Passover

The Passover in the Holy Family, Dante Gabriel Rossetti

About the Artwork
To celebrate Passover, every Jewish household slaughtered a lamb and marked the doorposts with its blood. This was a sign for the Lord to pass over and not visit the plague on them. The Passover meal of roast lamb, bitter herbs and unleavened bread was to be eaten in haste, with shoes on the feet ready for quick departure. In his watercolor, Rossetti shows Jesus and his parents preparing for the ritual. This stresses the continuity between Judaism and Christianity, linking Christ's sacrifice with that of the Passover lamb. Rossetti shows Zachariah marking the door with blood from a bowl held by Jesus. John kneels to fasten Jesus's sandal and Mary stoops to gather bitter herbs

Scriptural reference-Exodus 12: 1-11
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, "This month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your year. Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household. If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. That same night they are to eat the meat roasted over the fire, along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast. Do not eat the meat raw or cooked in water, but roast it over the fire—head, legs and inner parts. Do not leave any of it till morning; if some is left till morning, you must burn it. This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste; it is the LORD's Passover.

Looking at The Passover in the Holy Family

• Are there any patterns in or on the artwork? What are they?
• What do the colors in this painting remind you of? Or, what feeling does it give you?
• Do the people in this artwork remind you of anyone you know?
• What does the artwork tell you about the subject?
  
  

Epiphany of the Lord

The Three Kings Altarpiece, Hans Baldung

About the Artwork
Baldung was a German painter and graphic artist. He probably trained with Durer in Nuremberg, but his brilliant color, expressive use of distortion, and taste for the gruesome bring him closer in spirit to his other great German contemporary, Grunewald.

In 1507 Baldung was probably in Halle when he received the commission for the alterpiece, The Adoration of the Magi (Berlin). Although displaying some clumsiness, colors are surprisingly sure, and Baldung's self-esteem is revealed by the fact that he drew a self-portrait behind the main character at the center of the retable of Saint Sebastian. It is an oil on wood.

The Liturgical Celebration
This Sunday we celebrate the epiphany of the Lord. The word epiphany comes from the Greek noun epiphaneia, which means "shining forth," "manifestation," or "revelation." In the ancient Greco-Roman world, an epiphany referred to the appearance of one of the gods to mortals. Since Hellenistic kings and Roman emperors were considered by many to be gods, the word epiphany was also used as a term for divine majesty. The Epiphany of our Lord is the Christian festival that celebrates the many ways through signs, miracles, and preaching that Jesus revealed Himself to the world as Christ, God Incarnate, and King of kings.

The scripture: Matthew 2:1-12
In the time of King Herod, after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, asking, "Where is the child who has been born king of the Jews? For we observed his star at its rising, and have come to pay him homage." When King Herod heard this, he was frightened, and all Jerusalem with him; and calling together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Messiah was to be born. They told him, "In Bethlehem of Judea; for so it has been written by the prophet: 'And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who is to shepherd my people Israel.'" Then Herod secretly called for the wise men and learned from them the exact time when the star had appeared. Then he sent them to Bethlehem, saying, "Go and search diligently for the child; and when you have found him, bring me word so that I may also go and pay him homage." When they had heard the king, they set out; and there, ahead of them, went the star that they had seen at its rising, until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw that the star had stopped, they were overwhelmed with joy. On entering the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother; and they knelt down and paid him homage. Then, opening their treasure chests, they offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they left for their own country by another road.

Looking at The Three Kings Altarpiece

• What title would you give this work of art?
• What types of colors has the artist used? Does the color remind you of a certain feeling?
• Does everything in the artwork look equally important?
• What would you say if you were to meet the Lord in person?